SAE AS81819 Bearing, Plain (Self-Aligning, Sleeve And-Thrust), Self- Lubricating, High Speed-Oscillation, General Specif
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Product Code:SAE AS81819
Title:Bearing, Plain (Self-Aligning, Sleeve And-Thrust), Self- Lubricating, High Speed-Oscillation, General Specification For
Issuing Committee:Acbg Plain Bearing Committee
Scope:This specification covers the requirements for sliding spherical, sleeve, and thrust self-lubricating bearings which are for use in the ambient temperature range of -65掳F to +160掳F at high cyclic speeds.
【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforEvaluatingNonconventionalMicrobiologicalTestsUsedforEnumeratingBacteria
【原文标准名称】:评估细菌计数的非常规微生物试验标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1326-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:E35.15
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:细菌;指南;微生物分析;微生物学
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:Thisguideshouldbeusedbyproducersandpotentialproducersofnonconventionalteststodeterminetheaccuracy,selectivity,specificity,andreproducibilityofthetests,asdefinedinPracticesE691andD3870.Resultsofsuchstudiesshouldidentifythelimitationsandindicatetheutilityorapplicabilityofthenonconventionaltest,orboth,foruseondifferenttypesofsamples.Nonconventionaltestusersandpotentialusersshouldemploythisguidetoevaluateresultsofthenonconventionaltestascomparedtotheirpresentmethods.PracticesD5245andD5465shouldbereviewedinregardstotheconventionalmicrobiologicalmethodsemployed.Ifconventionalmethodshavenotbeenusedformonitoringthesystems,thenguidelinesareincludedforobtainingmicrobiologicalexpertise.Utilizationofanonconventionaltestmayreducethetimerequiredtodeterminethemicrobiologicalstatusofthesystemandenableanimprovementintheoveralloperatingefficiency.Inmanycases,thefindingsofasignificantlyhighlevelofbacteriaindicatestheneedforanadditionofanantimicrobialagent.Byaccuratelydeterminingthisinashortertimeperiodthanbyconventionalmethods,treatmentwithantimicrobialagentsmaycircumventmoreseriousproblemsthanifthetreatmentwerepostponeduntilconventionalresultswereavailable.Iftheantimicrobialtreatmentprogramreliesonaninaccuratenonconventionaltest,thenunnecessarylossofproductandproblemsassociatedwithinappropriateselectionorimproperdosingwithantimicrobialagentswouldexist.Sincemanymethodsbasedonentirelydifferentchemicalandmicrobiologicalprinciplesareconsidered,itisnotpossibletoestablishauniquedesignandrecommendaspecificmethodofstatisticalanalysesforthecomparisonstobemade.Itisonlypossibletopresentguidesthatshouldbefollowedwhileperformingtheexperiments.Itisalsorecommendedthatastatisticianbeinvolvedinthestudy.1.1Thepurposeofthisguideistoassistusersandproducersofnonconventionaltestsindeterminingtheapplicabilityofthetestforprocessingdifferenttypesofsamplesandevaluatingtheaccuracyoftheresults.ConventionalproceduressuchastheHeterotrophic(Standard)PlateCount,theMostProbableNumber(MPN)methodandtheSpreadPlateCountarewidelycitedandacceptedfortheenumerationofmicroorganisms.However,thesemethodshavetheirlimitations,suchasperformancetimeanddegreeofaccuracy.Itistheselimitationsthathaverecentlyledtothemarketingofavarietyofnon-conventionalprocedures,testkitsandinstruments.1.2Aconventionaltestisonethatiswidelyacceptedandpublishedasastandardmicrobiologicalmethodorrelatedprocedure.Anew,nonconventionaltestmethodwillattempttoprovidethesameinformationthroughthemeasurementofadifferentparameter.Thisguideisdesignedtoassistinvestigatorsinassessingtheaccuracyandprecisionofnonconventionalmethodsintendedforthedeterminationofmicrobialpopulationdensitiesoractivities.1.3ItisrecognizedthattheHeterotrophicPlateCountdoesnotrecoverallmicroorganismspresentinaproductorasystem(,).Whenthisproblemoccursduringthecharacterizationofamicrobiologicalpopulation,alternativestandardenumerationproceduresmaybenecessary,asinthecaseofsulfate-reducingbacteria.Atothertimes,chemicalmethodsthatmeasuretheratesofappearanceofmetabolicderivativesortheutilizationofcontaminatedproductcomponentsmightbeindicated.Inevaluatingnonconventionaltests,theuseofthesealternativestandardproceduresmaybetheonlymeansavailableforestablishingcorrelation.Insuchcases,thisguidecanserveasareference......
【中国标准分类号】:A40
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_10;07_100_10
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】:
Product Code:SAE J1420
Title:Supportive Information Report for the Fuel Economy Measurement Test (Engineering Type) for Trucks and Buses (Cancelled Nov 1997)
Issuing Committee:Truck And Bus Aerodynamics And Fuel Economy Committee
Scope:This information report is a companion document to SAE Recommended Practice J1376, Fuel Economy Measurement Test (Engineering Type) for Trucks and Buses. It provides background information and explanations to better understand the measurement procedure and its use. It also provides references and data which were developed by the SAE/DOT Program in support of the particular limitations or parameters selected for the various items in the test procedure. The format used in this document is similar to the recommended practice so that corresponding topics can be found under the same headings.